Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study selection

Inclusion criteriaExclusion criteria
Population

  • ▸ Adults (≥18 years old)

  • ▸ In the ED

  • ▸ Undergoing PSA

  • ▸ ≥50 patients per study

Intervention

  • ▸ Standard monitoring (use of one or more of: non-invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation, three lead ECG monitoring, vital signs) and capnography

Outcome

  • ▸ Defined and measured an adverse event

  • ▸ Specified an abnormal ETCO2 threshold in relation to adverse event detection

Study design

  • ▸ Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomised trials (qRCTs), observational/registry studies (including cohort studies)

Population

  • ▸ Studies in animals

  • ▸ Outside the ED

  • ▸ Patients classified as: inpatients, day surgery patients or endoscopy patients

  • ▸ <50 patients per study

Intervention

  • ▸ ETCO2 not recorded

Outcome

  • ▸ No outcome measured directly relating to ETCO2 monitoring

  • ▸ No ETCO2 threshold specified

Study design

  • ▸ Systematic reviews, case reports, small case series, comments and letters

  • PSA, procedural sedation and analgesia.